Hi Mariana,
I read the article and did some other research.
The only cause reported for this that I can find is case sensitivity in the database table. There are entries with the same name and different cases so they violate the uniqueness rules in mysql.
If you deleted the table, then ran update.php it might have re-installed the table for you, in which case you'll be able to operate normally, although I don't know the effect it will have on existing data. You could check to see if that table was repaired.
One suggestion is to look for entries with the same name and rename them in the D6 database and before starting the upgrade.
This article has a thorough discussion and several patches that might solve this problem.
drupal.org/node/966210 This deals with a related problem, and may help track it down.
drupal.org/node/1237252 Look at these and let us know if they relate to the problem you're having.
Ed